References

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc (2008). Through the Years:  Honoring the Past.

Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http://www.aka1908.com/past/#top

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. (2007). A Brief History. Retrieved October 13, 2008,

from http://alphaphialpha.net/Page.php?id=54

Atlanta University Center Consortium, Inc. (2008).  History of the Atlanta University

Center.  Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http://www.aucenter.edu/history.php.

Bennett College (2008).  History.  Retrieved October 14, 2008, from

http://www.bennett.edu/history.htm

Bookrags.com (2000-2006).  Student Essays on HBCUs.  Retrieved October 9, 2008,

from http://www.bookrags.com/essay-205/11/22/41446/654

Brown Foundation (2008).  Brown v. Board of Education:  About the case.  Retrieved

October 13, 2008, from http://brownvboard.org/summary/

Brown, Henry Billings and Harlan, John Marshall (1896).  US Supreme Court:  Plessy v.

Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537.  Retrieved October 13, 2008, from           

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=163&invol=537

Brubacher, J.S. & Rudy, W. (1997). Higher Education in Transition: A History 

            of American Colleges and Universities (4th ed.). New Brunswick, New 

    Jersey,Transactions Publishers. 

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania (2008).  About Cheyney:  History.  Retrieved

            October 8, 2008, from http://www.cheyney.edu/pages/index.asp?p=564

Edward Waters College (2008).  History of EWC.  Retrieved October 9, 2008, from

http://www.ewc.edu/home/about-us/history

Fisk University (2007).  History of Fisk.  Retrieved October 13, 2008, from

http://www.fisk.edu/page.asp?id=115

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (2008). About Florida A&M University.

Retrieved October 13, 2008 from http://www.famu.edu/index.cfm?a=history

Geiger, Roger L. (2005).  The Ten Generations of American Higher Education.  In

Altbach, Philip G., Berdahl, Robert O, & Gumport, Patricia J. (Eds.) American

Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century Social, Political, and Economic Challenges (pp. 38-70).  Baltimore, Maryland:  The Johns Hopkins University Press.

George Mason University (2004). The Civil Rights Act of March 1, 1875. Retrieved 

     on October 12, 2008 from http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/recon/civilrightsact.html 

HBCU Network, The (2008).  Retrieved October 6, 2008, from

http://www.hbcunetwork.com/

Historical Document in U.S. History (2007).  Retrieved October 16, 2008, from

http://www.historicaldocuments.com/EmancipationProclamation.htm

Historic Hampton Roads (2006).  Hampton University Historic Brief.  Retrieved October

13, 2008, from http://historichamptonroad.com/hampton_university_history.htm

Howard University (2008).  History.  Retrieved October 10, 2008, from

http://www.howard.edu/explore/History.htm

Hughes, Charles Evans and McReynolds, James Clark (1938).  Missouri ex rel. Gaines v.

Canada, Registrar of the University of Missouri, et al. 305 U.S. 337.  Retrieved October 13,

 2008, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/Ftrials/conlaw/gainesT.html

Lincoln University (2008).  About Lincoln:  History of Lincoln University.  Retrieved

October 8, 2008, from http://www.lincoln.edu/pages/211.asp

National Pan-Hellenic Council, Incorporated (NPHC). About Us. Retrieved October 

17, 2008, From http://www.nphchq.org/about.htm

North Carolina Central University (2008).  History.  Retrieved October 13, 2008, from

http://www.nccu.edu/aboutnccu/History.cfm

Peterson.com (2008).  Black College Profiles.  Retrieved October 9, 2008, from

http://www.petersons.com/blackcolleges/profiles/talladega.asp?sponsor=2904

Sass, E. (2005). American Educational History: A Hypertext Timeline. Retrieved October 13, 2008, 

                        from site http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/educationhistorytimeline.html.

Shaw University (2008).  History.  Retrieved October 9, 2008, from

http://www.shawuniversity.edu/Archives/history.htm

Spelman College (2004).  History in brief.  Retrieved October 13, 2008, from

http://www.spelman.edu/about_us/facts/

Tuskegee University (2008).   History of Tuskegee University. Retrieved October 13,

2008, from http://www.tuskegge.edu/Global/Story.asp?s=1070392&nav=menu200-2.

University of Virginia Library (2008).  Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library:  HBCU. 

Retrieved October 8, 2008, from

http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/finearts/guides/brown-hbcu.html

U.S. Department of Education:  Office of Civil Rights.  Retrieved October 6, 2008, from

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9511.html

Wennersten, J.  (1991).  THE TRAVAIL OF BLACK LAND-GRANT SCHOOLS IN

THE SOUTH, 1890-1917.  Agricultural History, 65(2), 54-62.  Retrieved October 17, 2008,

 from America:  History & Life database.

Wilberforce University (2008).  About Wilberforce.  Retrieved October 8, 2008, from

http://www.wilberforce.edu/welcome/history.html

Xavier University of Louisiana (2008). History of Xavier. Retrieved October 13, 2008,

            from http://www.xula.edu/about-xavier/history.php.